ANALISIS TINJAUAN ATAU GAMBARAN EKONOMI MAKRO TERHADAP EKONOMI REGIONAL DAN NASIONAL

Abstract

The economic structure, when viewed from the perspective of expenditure, will always be closely linked to Household and Corporate Consumption (C), Government Expenditure (G), Investment (I), and Exports-Imports (X – M). Consumption is divided into Household and Corporate/Industrial Consumption (C), which also includes consumption expenditures by non-profit institutions, as well as Government Consumption (Government Expenditure = G). These types of consumption are the most determining factors or play the most significant role in the economic conditions of a region (regional) and a country (national), typically accounting for about 70 percent of the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) or Gross National Product (GNP) annually.

Productive Investment (I) made by a region or country within the context of GRDP or GNP serves as a foundation for future steady income and acts as a multiplier effect factor, significantly influencing the increase in regional or national income. Productive investments are expected to contribute around 15 percent of GRDP. Similarly, Exports (X) should far exceed Imports (M) because when X significantly surpasses M, it can generate substantial foreign exchange or a surplus in the Balance of Payments (BoP). Conversely, if a region or country imports more than it exports, it will experience trade deficits, financial losses, a Passive Trade Balance, or a Negative Net Import Balance. Such a situation will greatly impact the regional or national economy, including an increase in debt, stagnation in the domestic economy and industries, and the bankruptcy of many businesses and industries.

If productive investments are relatively high (around 40 percent of GRDP), this will positively boost the domestic industry, including large, medium, and small-scale manufacturing industries. Imports, which typically play a role of around 27 percent, also contribute significantly. A large population in a region or country serves as a very potential market share.